Effective Study Formula

Effective Study Formula Guarantee Effectivestudyformula I Effective Study Formula Effective Study Formula Szh 2009 10 Boitezuleika Cao Muito Mau Effective Study Formula английский 1 курс. Основные правила употребления артиклей | www.ruclass.ru

Effective Study Formula Guarantee Effectivestudyformula I Effective Study Formula Effective Study Formula Szh 2009 10 Boitezuleika Cao Muito Mau Effective Study Formula

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a. It is ___ pleasure to do ___ business with such ___ efficient organization.
b. I have ___ headache.
c. I have ___ pain in my shoulder.
d. You must be strong in ___ mind and body.
e. If they had ___ mind to, they could easily get it published..
f. Oh, I know there’s no danger, but I’m ____ little frightened all the same.
g. ___ Little of the equipment was standardized.
h. It is possible to make ___ very good living from being a businessman.
i. The quality of ___ urban living has been damaged by excessive noise levels.
j. He was one of ___ few men of science who never terrified me, probably because he never behaved like ___ doctor.

1.1.3. Употребление артиклей при наличии определения.

Когда существительное имеет при себе определение, выделяющее лицо или предмет из всех лиц или предметов данного класса, оно употребляется с определенным артиклем:
The water inside the pipe does not meet the pressure of the air.
Когда определение выражено определительным придаточным предложением, причастным оборотом или предложным оборотом, то:
- при наличии ограничивающего определения существительное употребляется с определенным артиклем: He knocked at the door of a very neat house.
The things that I have come to me quite by accident.
Show me the telegram which was received yesterday.
This is the book you asked for.
- при наличии классифицирующего определения существительное в единственном числе употребляется с неопределенным артиклем, а во множественном числе - без артикля:
A letter which is written in pencil is difficult to read.
Vessels built for the transportation of oil are called tankers.
- описательное определение не влияет на выбор артикля, и существительное употребляется с определенным или неопределенным артиклем или с местоимениями some, any на основании общих правил: I went to the door where they were waiting for us.
Last summer I spent in a small village, which I thought to be a nice place to live in.
We have ordered some engines of 2,000 H.P. each.
В сочетании “существительное + of + существительное” употребление артиклей зависит от того, говорится ли о знакомом предмете или лице, о ситуативно определенных предметах или лицах. Сравните:

a book of a student (одна из книг какого-то студента)
the books of a student (эти книги какого-то студента)
a book of the student (одна из книг знакомого студента)
the books of the student (эти книги знакомого студента)
the book of the student (эта книга знакомого студента)
the books of students (эти книги каких-то студентов)

Упр.1.1.3.a. Переведите следующие словосочетания на английский язык.

a. работа какого-то автора; знание какого-либо предмета; статьи какого-либо ученого; эти данные авторов; студенты какого-либо университета; человек науки; учитель математики.
b. горы Крыма; металлы Урала; электростанции на Ангаре; Академия Наук Украины; леса Сибири; многие зоны (area) нашей планеты.
c. история искусства; прогресс науки; важность образования; степень (degree) кандидата наук; формы растительной жизни (vegetable life); интерес к (for) экологии; население планеты.
d. вагоны поезда; средства транспорта; цель (perpose) визита; служащие (clerk) гостиницы.

Упр.1.1.3.b. Поставьте артикль, где необходимо.

a. ___ chair on which you are sitting is not comfortable.
b. There is ___ man waiting to see Mr Smith.
c. ___ man whom Mr Smith telephoned this morning is here now.
d. I should like to find ___ good book to read tonight.
e. ___ book which I am reading now is a very good one.
f. ___ book which gave me the greatest pleasure was “War and Peace”.
g. Have you ___ cigarette?
h. John threw away ___ cigarette he was smoking.
i. Peter put ___ letter he had just received into his pocket.
j. I must write ___ letter.

*Упр.1.1.3.c. Поставьте артикль, где необходимо.

a. Number ___ hundred and two, ___ house next door to us, is for sale. It’s quite ___ nice house with ___ big rooms. ___ back windows look out on ___ park.
b. Professor Jones, ___ man who discovered ___ new drug that everyone is talking about, refused to give ___ press conference.
c. Peter Piper, ___ student in ____ professor’s college, asked him why he refused to talk to ___ press.
d. ___ ship you were speaking about has just come onto ___ port. She has been at ___ sea for ___ long time.
Look: ____ captain has just come on ___ deck.

**Упр.1.1.3.d. Поставьте артикль, где необходимо.

a. This is a rather crude criterion of ___ purity.
b. The technique of ___ paper chromatography was cited above.
c. The temperature of ___ solution should be controlled within half a degree or so.
d. Addition of, say, ___ halogen molecule to benzene leads to a dihydrobenzene derivative.
e. Proof of ___ formula for d-galactose is too involved to be given here.
f. The direction of ___ rearrangement will depend on two matters, which have to be taken in order.
g. In the light of ___ present-day knowledge of ___ molecular structure, much of this material is now incorrect.
h. The hypothesis of ___ intermediate compound formation traces its origin as back as 1808.

1.1.4. Употребление артикля с неисчисляемыми существительными.

a) Употребление артикля и местоимений some и any с именами существительными вещественными.
Имена существительные вещественные употребляются:
- без артикля, когда речь идет о веществе в общем смысле: We can’t live without water. Gas is cheaper than electricity.
и когда одно вещество противопоставляется другому: Which do you prefer: tea or coffee?
- с местоимениями some и any, когда речь идет о каком-то неопределенном количестве вещества: Bring me some water. Isn’t there any sugar in the sugar basin?
- с определенным артиклем, когда речь идет об определенном количестве вещества, когда имеется определение, выделяющее определенное количество вещества, или из ситуации ясно, о каком именно количестве идет речь: I forgot to pay the bill and now the gas has been cut off. The milk I bought yesterday has turned sour. The ore discovered by the expedition is of a high quality. The nickel was probably inessential in the reaction.
- с неопределенным артиклем, когда имеется в виду порция вещества:
Could you give me a coffee and a sandwich?
Употребление артикля при наличии классифицирующего и описательного определений, а также прилагательного в превосходной степени не отличается от его употребления с нарицательными существительными: Silk which is used for the aviation industry must be of the highest quality. Bulgaria exports tobacco, which is one of the stable agricultural products of the country. This is the best wine I have ever drunk.
b) Употребление артикля и местоимений some и any с именами существительными отвлеченными.
Артикль не употребляется перед названиями научных дисциплин, видов спорта, искусств:
J.Bonner earned a BA in chemistry and mathematics from the University of Utah. Do you play chess?
Имена существительные отвлеченные употребляются:
- без артикля, когда они выражают отвлеченные понятия в общем смысле:
While there is life there is hope. Knowledge is power.
- с определенным артиклем, когда они имеют при себе определение, относящее это понятие к какому-либо лицу или предмету: He was the hope of his parents. I like the music of this ballet.
- с местоимениями some и any, когда речь идет о неопределенной степени качества:
There is some difference between these two samples. He did not show any fear.
- с неопределенным артиклем, когда речь идет о разновидности качества или чувства:
He has a cleverness quite of his own. He showed a patience that I had never expected of him.
- с неопределенным артиклем, когда имеются существительные period, population, distance, height, salary и др. с последующим предлогом of + числительное + существительное: He has been working here for a period of 2 years.
c) Отсутствие артикля перед именами существительными нарицательными - исчисляемыми и неисчисляемыми.
Артикль отсутствует:
- перед существительным, имеющим при себе другой определитель: My room is large. This book is interesting.
- перед исчисляемыми существительными во множественном числе, когда в единственном числе следовало бы употребить неопределенный артикль: This plant is engaged in the manufacture of pumps. They are hard working students. Squares have four sides.
These are such interesting books!
Следует также помнить, что многие существительные имеют как отвлеченное, так и конкретное вещественное значение:
medicine a medicine
glass a glass
iron an iron
opera an opera
painting a painting
radio a radio
tin a tin

Упр.1.1.4.a. В выделенных словах укажите правильные варианты употребления артикля the.

a. ”Where’s coffee / the coffee?” It’s in the cupboard.
b. Tennis / The tennis is a very popular sport
c. We went for a swim in the river. Water / The water was very cold.
d. I don’t like swimming in cold water / the cold water.
e. You must visit the art gallery. Paintings / The paintings are very beautiful.
f. Money / The money doesn’t always bring happiness / the happiness.
g. English / The English is the language of international business.
h. Women / The women are often better teachers than men / the men.
i. In Britain coffee / the coffee is more expensive than tea / the tea.
j. We had a very nice meal in that restaurant. Cheese / The cheese was especially good.
k. Most people / The most people still believe that marriage / the marriage and family life / the family life are the basis of our society.
l. They got married but marriage / the marriage wasn’t successful.
m. I know someone who wrote a book about life / the life of Gandhi.
n. Life / the life would be very difficult without electricity / the electricity.
o. Do you know people / the people who live next door?
p. Are you interested in art / the art or architecture / the architecture?
q. Two of the biggest problems facing our society are crime / the crime and unemployment / the unemployment.
r. I hate violence / the violence.

Упр.1.1.4.b. Обратите внимание на разницу в употреблении артиклей в следующих парах предложений:
My daughter is at school. The meeting will be held at the school.
He was rushed to hospital immediately. I’m going to the hospital to visit him.
То есть, употребление артикля перед словами типа university, school, hospital, church, prison и т.д. подразумевает, что говорящий имеет в виду здание. Употребление этих же существительных без артикля означает, что они рассматриваются как учреждения в общем смысле.
Поставьте a, an или the, где необходимо.

a. Our children attend ……….. very good school.
b. Some people think they know about education just because they were once at ……… school.
c. People who spend time in ………….. prison rapidly become institutionalized.
d. As soon as the riot broke out, police surrounded ………. prison.
e. A lot of people think ………… prison should be just like any other building.
f. The trial attracted a lot of attention and …………. court was crowded.
g. A lot of people have been taken to …………. court for failing to pay local taxes.
h. Though it’s a small town, it has ……… school, ……. church and ……… court.
i. ____ youngest brother is at ____ school now.
j. She is at ____ school. If you go to ___ school by ____ tram, you will be just in ___ time to meet her.